The Cold War and Nike-Ajax Base N-75
Here was located site N-75C (C for control) and the counterpart site N-75L (L for launch) was located at Carrollton Nike Park.
The "Cold" War (1949-1990) is so named because no actual armed conflict took place between the two alliances: The Warsaw Pact and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It began when Joseph Stalin, dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), reneged on his commitments to withdraw the Soviet Army from the Eastern European countries it had occupied in the great victory over Nazi Germany. In quick succession, the Soviet Union acquired intercontinental bombers and then nuclear weapons in August of 1949. Next, the West viewed the 1950 attack by North Korea against the South as a Soviet inspired opening battle in the bid for world domination by the Soviet Union.
Beginning in 1951, the United States deployed hundreds of WWII era anti-aircraft gun batteries around major U.S. cities as a reaction to the perceived threat of a potential nuclear bomber attack against America. Meanwhile, the U.S. had been developing an anti-aircraft missile to replace the obsolete anti-aircraft guns. Based on research developed from the German V-2 rocket program of WWII, the U.S. Army tested the world's first successful supersonic anti-aircraft missile designated "Nike-Ajax". In 1953 production began on this missile and eventually over 13,000 of these missiles were constructed and deployed to several hundred locations in the U.S. and around the world.
The missile base here in Carrollton, Virginia, was one of these bases. It was operational by 1954 and stood ready to defend America until longer range nuclear tipped missiles, the Nike-Hercules, made the Ajax obsolete. In 1961, the Carrollton base became an Army radio relay site which operated until 1971. Isle of Wight County obtained the former missile base from the federal government in 1972 and began the development of a convenience center and the parks and recreation facilities—Carrollton Nike Park and Jones Creek Boat Ramp.
The U.S. Army designation for this missile base was N-75 (Carrollton/Smithfield). "N" stood for Norfolk Defense Area because this base was one of eight in the Hampton Roads Area which protected the critical military installations of Norfolk Naval Operating Base, Norfolk Naval Air Station, Langley Air Force Base, Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Oceana Naval Air Station and the private Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company. "75" meant that this base was the 75th Nike-Ajax battery in the U.S. to become operational. The "L" in the heading designated this as the Launch site where the actual missiles were kept in concrete underground magazines. In close proximity was N-75C, the control site for this base.
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Directions to Carrollton Nike Park from Jones Creek Landing:
From Jones Creek Landing turn left on Boundary road, turn right onto Smiths Neck Road, righ turn onto Titus Creek Drive, left onto Nike Park road, right into Carrollton Nike Park.
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