Pyramid of the Sun

Pyramid of the Sun (tmp-c87f5)

Location: , Estado de México San Juan Teotihuacán
Country: Mexico
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N 19° 41.542', W 98° 50.695'

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Pirámide del Sol
Entre los años 100 al 650 d.C. éste fue el edificio prehispánico de mayores dimensiones y es uno de los más importantes de Mesoamérica. Su nombre se debe a que las crónicas escritas por los españoles en el siglo XVI mencionan que este gran monumento fue dedicado al sol, pero hoy existen otras interpretaciones. Aunque era conocida desde hacía mucho tiempo y fue dibujada, pintada y fotografiada durante el siglo XIX, no fue sino hasta el años de 1905 cuando Leopoldo Batres inició su exploración por órdenes del entonces presidente Porfirio Díaz. Posteriormente, Manuel Gamio y otros arqueólogos a lo largo del siglo XX también realizaron investigaciones arqueológicas. Gracias a éstas, se sabe que la construcción de la Pirámide del Sol se realizó en una sola operación. Los túneles que se aprecian en sus lados fueron hechos por investigadores con el objeto de conocer su historia y su sistema constructivo. Su edificación se inició entre el año 1 al 100 d.C. (fase Tzacualli) y en la siguiente fase (Miccaotli) entre el año 100 y el 250 d.C., se añadió en su fachada principal una plataforma; posteriormente, se construyeron dos templos hacia el norte y sur de la plataforma. Según recientes estudios, hay errores en la reconstrucción que se llevó a cabo a principios de siglo, pues existen
cinco cuerpos o niveles, cuando originalmente debían ser cuatro. La cima de la pirámide estuvo coronada por un templo en donde se realizaban las actividades religiosas con la divinidad a la que fue dedicado este edificio.

Náhuatl:

Pirámide del Sol

Iteocal in Tonatiuh ce cualli tecpanchichihualiztli in tlen omochih in cuac ayamo acia in caxtiltilaca, ihuan inin in cachi hueyi in tlen comochichiuh (ipan xihuitl 100-650 d.C.) ihuan in chachi hueyi in tlen omochiuh in tlali in tlen axan itoca Mesoamerica, in quenin motocayotla, noco tleca ipampa inin xihuitl in tlen itoca siglo XVI. Ihuan in mochi in tlen mitohua innenemiliz in tlatlaca molhuiaya mach in caltepamitl omochichiuh ipama inin teotlaneltoquiliztli. Ipan 1905 xihuitl in Don Leopoldo Batres opeuh in hueyi tlatataquiliztli, ipampa in tlanahuatil in Don Porfirio Diaz. Ihuan inin tequitl monequiaa tleca monequi cuali mixmextiz ihueyiliz in mexica tlaca, in tlen mocha omochichiuh in queman ayamo acia nica in caxtiltlaca, ihuan mocha monequia in queman molhuitizquia in queman México tlatlaca omomaquixtique intlan in caxtiltlatlaca, ipan 1910 xihuitl, in tlen acia in macuilpohualli xihuitl in queman omochiuh. Mochi inin axan itoca in Centenario de la Independencia de México. Mochi in tlamactilli in tlen omochiuh in tataquiliztli, teihtitla in queman opeuh in caltecpanchichihualiztli, ihuan inin mate opeuh ipan can ce tlatecpaniliztli ihuan mocha teihtitla mach itec tepitz yatoc, in tleca oquiyectemiltique ica tlalli ihuan xalli.

In queman opeuh itlachichihualiz cuali motlalia ipan in tlen itoca fase Tzacualli (1-100 d.C.) ihuan ipan in occe fase Miccaotli (100-250 d.C.) quitlachichihuique in hueyi itlachaliz in ce tlatetzontli, ihuan catepan in occe in tlen itlan yauh, ome tecaltin in cececnin itlanacaztla, ce onca ic compa mictlampa ihuan in occe ic compa cohuatlampa. In tlen cuali mochta in quenin in yeyexpa omocaltecpanchichiuh, in tlen monenepano. Ihuan inin caltepamitl in quenin axan cauli mohta, inin omochichiuh in cuac caye omochichiuh in occe caltepanchichihualiztli. Ihuan in quenin axan mixtlamachilia, cuali mohta in quenin amo cuali omoyetlatlali in queman occepa omotlamanili in queman quinye opehuaya in xihuitl in tlen itoca principios de siglo: oncate macuili caltecpantin, onoco caltecpanchichihualiztin, ihuan noco melahuac cachto can nahui catca. Ihiuan icpan in teocalli quipiaya ce teopantli in canin cuali moteotlachihuaya ipampa in teteo in aquin ipampa omochichiuh inin caltepamitl.

English:
Pyramid of the Sun

In sheer size the Pyramid of the Sun is the largest pre-Hispanic building of its times (100-650 A.D.) and one of the most important in Mesoamerica. Its name comes from fact that beginning in the sixteenth century, accounts claimed that the sun god was worshipped at this immense monument.

Large scale exploration of it was undertaken in 190 by Leopoldo Batres upon orders from then President Porfirio Diaz. The dual purpose was to emphasize the cultural wealth of the Mexican people expressed in their pre-Hispanic works, and to celebrate Mexico's 100 years of independence in 1910. Archaeological investigations at this monument indicate that its construction was carried out in a single operation and show that its interior is solid and formed from sand and dirt fills.

Its erection got under way more or less in the Tzacualli phase (1-100 A.D.), and in the next phase (Miccaotli, 100-250 A.D.) a platform was added in front of its main façade and then, parallel to it, two temples were built on its north and south sides. Three overlying levels of construction have been found. The overall shape of the monument as seen today belongs to the building's penultimate construction phase. According to recent studies, there are errors in the reconstruction carried out early in the century, since it is shown with five terraces instead of the original four. The top of the pyramid was once crowned by a temple where religious sites associated with the deity to which this building was dedicated were carried out.
Details
HM Numbertmp-c87f5
Placed ByInstituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH)
Marker ConditionNo reports yet
Date Added Wednesday, July 19th, 2017 at 9:25pm PDT -07:00
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Locationbig map
UTM (WGS84 Datum)14Q E 516253 N 2177446
Decimal Degrees19.69236667, -98.84491667
Degrees and Decimal MinutesN 19° 41.542', W 98° 50.695'
Degrees, Minutes and Seconds19° 41' 32.5200" N, 98° 50' 41.7000" W
Driving DirectionsGoogle Maps
Closest Postal AddressAt or near Acceso a Piramide del Sol por Puerta 5, Estado de México , MX
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